The Perks Of Being A Wallflower by Stephen Chbosky Essay

Character- The main character Charlie is developed in many ways throughout the story. His whole demeanor changed from page one. He actually started smoking in the middle of the book. â€Å"When I light it, I didn’t cough. It actually felt soothing. I know that’s bad in a health class kind of way, but it was true.†-pg 102 His personality was different after that. He always tried to be friendly to anyone he met but if you weren’t nice to his friends he didn’t really respect them after that. His dialogue is very similar throughout the whole book. He is very friendly when he talks and tries to be polite. Charlie is trying to make friends and keep them. He succeeds with some coaching from his english teacher who Charlie calls Bill. Bill†¦show more content†¦connotation- someone like Charlie MASH- denotation- a 1970 American satirical black comedy film directed by Robert Altman and written by Ring Lardner, Jr.- connotation- a tv show in the 1990’s Masturbation-denotation- manual stimulation of the genital organs- connotation- when you rub your genitials until you have an organism Affirmation-denotation- the action or process of affirming something or being affirmed- connotation- confirming something Oldsmobile- denotation- was a muscle car produced by the Oldsmobile division of General Motors- connotation- an older car that was driven in the 20th century Chain-Smoking- denotation- smoke continually, esp. by lighting a new cigarette from the butt of the last one smoke.- connotation- lighting the last one to the next one (cigarettes) Jaded- denotation- tired, bored, or lacking enthusiasm, typically after having had too much of something- connotation- someone who is bored after something Idealist- denotation- a person who is guided more by ideals than by practical considerations- connotation- someone following a â€Å"perfect person† Walden- denotation- Walden is an American book written by noted transcendentalist Henry David Thoreau- connotation- a book Bill gave Charlie Buzzed- denotation- have an air of excitement or purposeful activity- connotation- what the excitement of Patrick is Point of view- Stephen Chbosky goes sort of back and forth between first person and third person omniscient. Charlie is the mainShow MoreRelatedThe Perks Of Being A Wallflower By Stephen Chbosky Essay1317 Words   |  6 Pagesbanned book is a novel for young adults that was published in 1999, The Perks of Being a Wallflower by Stephen Chbosky. The book is about a young teenage boy named Charlie who is a freshman in high school. Charlie goes through a lot in his first year in high school from drugs, love, to suicide. The reason being that the book was banned; because of sex, drug use, and other inappropriate situations. The Perks of Being a Wallflower is banned by the complaints of many parents in their schools (Hadley JuniorRead MoreThe Perks Of Being A Wallflower By Stephen Chbosky1853 Words   |  8 Pagesjust need to know that someone out there listens and understands and doesn’t try to sleep with people even if they could have. I need to know that these people existâ₠¬  (Chbosky 2). The Perks of Being a Wallflower by Stephen Chbosky is a very moving coming to age story about a teenage boy named Charlie. The author, Stephen Chbosky noted, â€Å"The Charlie character is very personal to me. Not everything that he goes through is something I went through, and there are things that I went through that I didRead MoreThe Perks Of Being A Wallflower By Stephen Chbosky1240 Words   |  5 PagesA modern book that holds a great deal of sentiment within it is Stephen Chbosky’s novel, The Perks of being a Wallflower. The novel is about a young boy, Charlie, who has some anxiety about beginning high school especially after recently losing his friend, Michael, and he beings to write letters to an anonymous person. Charlie eventually becomes best friends with Sam and Patrick and goes through a lot of challenging situations that year. He deals with bullies, relationship problems, secrets, partiesRead MoreThe Perks Of Being A Wallflower By Stephen Chb osky1641 Words   |  7 PagesA modern book that holds a great deal of sentiment within it is Stephen Chbosky’s novel, The Perks of being a Wallflower. The novel is about a young boy, Charlie, who has some anxiety about beginning high school, especially after recently losing his friend, Michael, and he beings to write letters to an anonymous person. Charlie eventually becomes best friends with Sam and Patrick and goes through a lot of challenging situations that year. He deals with bullies, relationship problems, secrets, partiesRead MorePerks of Being a Wallflower by Stephen Chbosky Essay540 Words   |  3 Pagesâ€Å"....And in that moment, I swear we were infinite.† (Chbosky) The thoughts of a teenager are odd things, and even more odd are the thoughts of fifteen year old Charlie, the best friend of a boy who committed suicide. Charlie has been through a lot in his life, and during the book he goes through even more. He has grown up relatively normally up until the day his Aunt Helen died, that is when his life changed. He distanced himself and constantly put himself in the hospital. When the book beginsRead MoreEssay on The Perks of Being a Wallflower by Stephen Chbosky741 Words   |  3 PagesIn my book the Perks of Being a Wallflower, there are four main characters. Charlie, Sam, Patrick, and Mary Elizabeth. The way that the Author describes charlie is kind of like a sensitive young man who is trying to figure out what to do with his life. He doesn’t really have any friends because last year, his best friend died and his Aunt died in a car crash. Sam seems like a really energetic young woman who loves hanging out with her friends and listening to classic rock. I think that the AuthorRead MoreThe And The Perks Of Being A Wallflower J. K. Rowling And Stephen Chbosky1404 Words   |  6 PagesPotter and the Philosophers’ Stone and The Perks of Being a Wallflower J. K. Rowling and S tephen Chbosky explore how their main characters travel on a journey of growth. Throughout both texts each author uses a variety of techniques to show how many of their characters grow from timid, lonely boys to confident, young men through the use of narration, descriptive language and theme of abuse throughout each novel, readers are able to see how Rowling and Chbosky show their main protagonists’ journey ofRead MoreThe Struggles of Abuse in In Perks of Being a Wallflower by Stephen Chbosky1629 Words   |  6 Pagesalways lessons learned. In Perks of Being a Wallflower, there are many characters and situations that are introduced. Charlie, being the main character, interacts, in one way or another, with many different people throughout the book. The main characters, Charlie, Sam, Patrick, and aunt Helen are the focuses of this book. I believe that Charlie is who he is because of the quality of the relationships in his life. Friendship is a concept that is very crucial to every life being that it provides one withRead MoreAnalysis Of Stephen Chbosky s The Catcher Rye And F. Scott Fitzgerald And Tennessee Williams1460 Words   |  6 PagesStephen Chbosky was born in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania on January 25,1970. â€Å"He is the son Lea, a taxpayer, and Fred B Chbosky, a steel company executive and consultants to CFO’s†. Stephen went to the University of South Carolina and received his bachelor s degree in Fine Arts in the film writing program of 1992. He was Stephen was greatly influenced by J. D. Salinger s novels â€Å"The Catcher in The Rye†and F. Scott Fitzgerald and Tennessee Williams. â€Å"Elizabeth Thompson said in Stephen Biography that†HeRead MorePerks of Being a Wallflower Context Analysis1813 Words   |  8 PagesThe Perks of Being a Wallï ¬â€šower: Context Analysis Paper ! Stephen Chbosky, a 29 year-old ï ¬ lm director and screenwriter published his ï ¬ rst semi-autobiographical novel in 1991, The Perks of Being a Wallï ¬â€šower. He later directed the movie in 2011 and released it in October 2012. The central theme of the story revolves around the struggle to understand the terrible things that inevitably happen to those we love and to ourselves. It unfolds through a series of letters written by the main character, Charlie

Columbus vs. de Las Casas Free Essays

In the textbook of Bartolome de las Casas From The Very Brief Relation of the Devastation of the Indies, de la Casas said â€Å"This was the first land in the New World to be destroyed and depopulated by the Christians, and here they began their subjection of the women and children, taking them away from the Indians to use them and ill use them, eating the food they provided with their sweat and toil. Base on this saying we can guest his thought about the New World and its inhabitants, he explains how the Spaniards have behaved and acting, killing, terrorizing, afflicting, torturing, and destroying the native peoples, doing all this with the strangest and most varied new methods of cruelty, never seen or heard of before. De las Casas think this new world was the first one to be devastated destroyed and conquered by imperialist and colonialist Spaniards. We will write a custom essay sample on Columbus vs. de Las Casas or any similar topic only for you Order Now Columbus’s letters we can see the arrogance he possessed in claiming the islands he found. In his letter describing his findings to his king, he wrote, â€Å"And there I found very many islands filled with people innumerable and of them all I have taken possession for their Highnesses. †¦Ã¢â‚¬  Columbus never stopped to consider that these islands were not his to take, nor were the people that inhabited them. He simply took over these lands, even going so far as to rename them all. His first sight of what he termed â€Å"Indians† was of a group of attractive, unclothed people. Speculation is that, to him, their nakedness represented a lack of culture, customs, and religion. Columbus saw this as an opportunity to spread the word of God, while at the same considering how they could possibly be exploited. He believed that they would be easy to conquer because they appeared defenseless, easy to trick because they lacked experience in trade, and an easy source of profit because they could be enslaved. It obviously did not occur to Columbus to consider these people in any terms aside from that of master and slave. Columbus thinks that New World could be well adapted for the working of the gold mines and for all kinds of commerce. How to cite Columbus vs. de Las Casas, Papers

Introduction Four Types of Discursive Writing free essay sample

But part of it is a simple treated for writing you essays and articles quickly and expertly, a strategy that allows you to plan your entire essay as you write it, and thus to allow you to make your first draft your final draft. This article describes that strategy. Begin by writing in your head, at least your second paragraph (that would be the one you Just read, above). Your second paragraph will tell people what your essay says. Some people write abstracts or executive summaries in order to accomplish this task. But you dont need to do this.You are stating your entire essay or article in one arcograph. If you were writing a news article, you would call this paragraph the led. A person could read Just the one paragraph and know what you had to say. But how do you write this paragraph? Reporters will tell you that writing the led Is the hardest part of writing an article. We will write a custom essay sample on Introduction: Four Types of Discursive Writing or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Because If you dont know what the story Is, you cannot write it in a single paragraph. A reporter will sift through the different ways of writing the story- the different angles and find a way to tell it. You, because you are writing an article or essay, have more options.You have more options because there are four types of discursive writing. Each of these types has a distinct and easy structure, and once you know what sort of writing you are doing, the rest of the article almost writes itself. The four types of structure are: argument, explanation, definition, and description. So, as you think about writing your first paragraph, ask yourself, what sort of article are you writing. In this article, for example, I am writing a descriptive article. These are your choices of types of article or essay: Argument: convinces someone of somethingExplanation: tells why something happened instead of something else Definition: states what a word or concept means Description: identifies properties or qualities of things to convince the reader that something is he case. Perhaps you want to convince people to take some action, to buy some product, to vote a certain way, or to believe a certain thing. The thing that you want to convince them to believe is the conclusion. In order to convince people, you need to offer one or more reasons. Those are the premises. So one type of article consists of premises leading to a conclusion, and that s how you would structure your first paragraph.An explanation tells the reader why something is the case. It looks at some event or phenomenon, and shows the reader what sort of things led up to that event or phenomenon, what caused it to happen, why it came to be this way instead of some other way. An explanation, therefore, consists of three parts. First, you need to identify the thing being explained. Then, you need to identify the things that could have happened instead. And finally, you need to describe the conditions and principles that led to the one thing, and not the other, being the case.And so, if you are explaining something, this is how you would write your first paragraph. A definition identifies the meaning of some word, phrase or concept. There are different ways to define something. You can define something using words and concepts you already know. Or you can define something by giving a name to something you can point to or describe. Or you can define something indirectly, by giving examples of telling stories. A definition always involves two parts: the word or concept being defined, and the set of sentences (or propositions) that do the defining.Whatever way you decide, this will be the structure of your article if you intend to define something. Finally, a description provides information about some object, person, or state of affairs. It will consist of a series of related sentences. The sentences will each identify the object being defined, and then ascribe some property to that object. The ball is red, for example, were the ball is the object and red is the property. Descriptions may be of unary properties like color, shape, taste, and the like, or it may describe a relation between the object and one or more other objects.

Piezoelectric Nano

Introduction Piezoelectric nano-biosensors are designed to operate in the nano-dimensions. They are mainly used to conduct an analysis of various biomaterial samples with the chief objective of understanding bio-compositions, functionalities, and even their structures (Atta 2011).Advertising We will write a custom case study sample on Piezoelectric Nano-biosensor Importance specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Although different modes of operations are deployed by different biosensors, their central principle of operation is based on the interactions of physical and or chemical detectors and the biological components. Through this interaction, it becomes possible to detect and analyse analytes (Joshi Bhansali 2008). A biological recognition element that incorporates a nano-material or nano-scale phenomena having the capability to convert the cognized event through transduction process into an appropriate signal in chemical of physica l format is the building block of piezoelectric nano-biosensors. In these sense, piezoelectric nano-biosensors form the bridge between the biological spectrum and the chemical and or physical spectrums (Khana 2012). Some of the detection principles of operation of nano-biosensors include optical, mechanical, chemical, and piezoelectric detection ideologies. The focus of this paper is on the piezoelectric bio-sensing detection principle. The science behind piezoelectric nano-biosensors Piezoelectric transducers are deployed in the signal detection process to change mechanical force that is exacted by masses placed on a crystal onto some electrical signal, which while amplified is used to proportionately measure the mass of an object placed on the piezoelectric material. When a mass is placed on top of piezoelectric material, the material resonates with a frequency proportional to the mass placed on it. A voltage proportionate to the size of the mass is generated (Dey Goswami 2011).A dvertising Looking for case study on natural sciences? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More On the nano-dimensions, piezoelectric materials or nano-biosensors deploying the piezzo electric principle of operation possess immobilised elements of sensing on some piezoelectric crystals. A good example of material that can be deployed to function as a piezoelectric transducer is â€Å"functionalised quartz crystal with dehydrogenate to detect formaldehyde† (Pohanka et al. 2007: 2826). However, it is perhaps also crucial to note that, when voltage is applied across a piezoelectric material, the material deforms proportionately to the amount of voltage applied. An immense theoretical study on the operation principle of the piezoelectric material has been developed. Whether at nano level or even in the kilo level, the basic principle of operation remains the same. Sauerbrey (Ho 1999), Stockridge (Hahn 1988) and Lostis (Muramatsu et al. 1987) deployed different approaches to develop equations that describe the relationship between the frequency of resonance for an oscillating crystal of a piezoelectric material and a mass placed on the surface of the crystal. Although the three scholars’ equations are similar, Sauerbrey’s equation has received a universal acceptance (Ho 1999). Sauerbrey’s equation relates to an AT-cut quartz crystal â€Å"vibrating in the thickness shear mode that describes the relationship between mass of thin films deposited on the quartz crystal and the corresponding change in resonant frequency of the crystal† (Hussain et al. 1997: 505).Advertising We will write a custom case study sample on Piezoelectric Nano-biosensor Importance specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The change in frequency for an oscillating quartz crystal in Hz is given by the equation: Source: (Hussain et al. 1997: 505) In the equation, denot es the change in mass that produces a corresponding variation in frequency Advertising Looking for case study on natural sciences? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More . A is the electrode surface area measured in cm2. The described relationship by Sauerbrey is not only applicable to film depositions but equally applicable to deposition of particulate matter (Hussain et al. 1997: 505). In the thickness-shear mode of vibration, the overall frequency of oscillation of AT-cut quartz crystal is described by the equation: F defines the crystal frequency, N is a constant of the material used to make the piezoelectric sensor, and ‘a’ defines the thickness of the material used to make the crystal. For a quartz crystal, which is the most typical material deployed to make piezoelectric transducers, N is given by 1.66 MHz-mm. The thickness of a crystal can be defined by the equation: Where M stands for the electrically driven portion of the mass of the crystal, A the eclectically driven crystal area, and Rho (⠍ ´) defines the crystal’s density. Since the crystal of quartz is in solid state, its density is constant. Consequently, for an infinite change in mass M, the corresponding change in frequency registered by the piezoelectric transducer is given by: Source: (Hussain et al. 1997: 505) However, in the practical application of piezoelectric transducer, F and M are constants so that is given by where K is the constant defined by This equation shows that the change in frequency produced by a piezoelectric biosensors inserted in an analyte is proportionate to the change in mass. This principle can be applied in the construction of piezoelectric biosensor used in treatment of tuberculosis process as described later in the paper. Example of a nano-biosensor, which utilises piezoelectric detection principle A good example of biosensor that utilises piezoelectric principle is the micro membrane biosensors. The sensor makes use of thin films of crystal falling in the range of 10 to 30nm (Woolley, 2000). When placed near cells, they are able to detect the masses of the cells and hence their presence. The detection process is realised via measurements of natural frequencies of the vibrating crystals. The frequency is a function of the mass placed on the piezoelectric sensing element. Applying such sensors in the immunology demands that the masses of cell belonging to infectious organizations are known so that the frequency registered can be used to identify the type of pathogen in the body of a host. In some situations, during infections, the pathogen cell interacts with body defence mechanism cells, which comprise the antibodies through the engulfing process. When such a process occurs, rapid changes in the frequencies of the piezoelectric nano-sensor occur so that, even if the immunologist may not be fully cognizant about the specific type of infection a patient is suffering from, he or she can be able to detect anomalies in the patient’s body. When micro-membrane biosensors are used this way, they form an essential component of pre-diagnosis process. Difference of nano biosensors an d conventional non-nano methods: advantages and disadvantages Interaction of antibodies with antigens provides a wonderful opportunity for development of chemical binding based biosensor. In theoretical terms, in case it is possible to raise an antibody against a specific analyte, it becomes possible to develop an immune-sensor to recognise it, for which piezoelectric sensor is one of the imuno-sensors. It is also important to note, â€Å"Despite high specificity and affinity of antibodies towards complementary ligand molecules, most antibody-antigen interactions do not cause an electronically measurable change† (Kumar 2008: 198). This forms a major challenge of application of nano biosensors in the detection of changes in the analyte masses for possible detection of pathogens, for instance, those causing TB. Nonetheless, this argument does not mean that it is impossible to develop a piezoelectric biosensor such as the one described in the subsequent sections of the paper. Pi ezoelectric biosensors can be produced from a myriad of crystalline substances. Such substances have incredible properties, which facilitates precise detection of analytes for presence of antigen-antibody reactions. Indeed, a piezoelectric â€Å"immune-sensor is thought to be one of the most sensitive analytical instruments developed to date, being capable of detecting antigens in the pictogram range† (Kumar 2000: 198). Opposed to traditional sensors, the piezoelectric biosensors can detect the antigens while in both liquid and gaseous phases. When the developed device is applied in detection of changes in mass of amalgamations formed due to reaction between the antigens and antibodies because of infection of tuberculosis bacterium, principle advantages are gained while the functionality of the device is compared with the traditional approaches in tuberculosis detection procedures and processes. In fact, the traditional approaches to diagnosis of tuberculosis have repetitive drawbacks. Generally, they are time consuming. In some instances, they are non-specific. Kumar (2000) exemplifies this argument by asserting, â€Å"In most cases of pulmonary and extra-pulmonary TB, diagnosis depends upon culturing the micro-bacterial organism, a process requiring 4-8 weeks† (199). Consequently, in the attempt to counter this challenges, magnificent attention has been directed towards development of mechanisms of diagnosis of TB, which are rapid and time cautious by various researchers. Some of the developed strategies fail to have high sensitivity and specificity for the required appropriate diagnosis (Kumar 2000). It is for this reason that the proposed piezoelectric biosensor is both appropriate and significant in driving new approaches for tuberculosis detection or diagnosis. The science and principles of operation of traditional biosensors do not constitute an adequate basis for advocating their utilisation in practice. Issues such as economic factors in relation to their manufacturing coupled with their functionalities are also critical. The main question is, ‘how effective are the traditional biosensors in realisation of the purposes they are designed to accomplish?’ The rapid explosions of technology and science experienced over the last three decades pose challenges to the applicability of the traditional biosensors in the era of scientific and technological evolution. Such challenges manifest themselves in terms of improvement of the accuracy and preciseness of the transducers, multiplexing (the capacity for detection of biomarkers in a simultaneous manner), reduction of costs associated with manufacturing, and operation of the gadgets (Prakash et al 2012: Bhushan 2012). It is through the need to resolve some of these challenges of the traditional biosensors that the nano-biosensors have been developed. A particular concern for embracement of the proposed piezoelectric nano-biosensors in the diagnosis of TB is art iculated to the need to increase the specificity and sensitivity of the traditional biosensors in the quest to facilitate early detection of the associated signals to be measured. A major advantage of using the nano-biosensors in opposition to the traditional biosensors is that, while traditional biosensors utilise â€Å"any specific substance â€Å"as the analyte, the nano-biosensor uses â€Å"any substances with the potential to detect a single molecule or fragment of DNA† (Adam Kizek 2008, p.6129). This argument means that the detection is narrowed to molecular level. Nano-bio-sensing is achieved in the same manner under various approaches. These approaches include the use of antigen-antibody interactions, cell based, and enzymes catalysis and through nucleic acid recognition. Nonetheless, nano-bio-sensing extends this approach to include ELISA and nanonfluidic technology and techniques. Mass-production of the sensor, details of the fabrication method and cost-effective ness Mass production In the mass production of products, reproducibility is an important factor. In mass production of piezoelectric nano-biosensors, reproducibility is a major hindrance. The sensitivity and precision of piezoelectric biosensor are directly proportional to the dimensional accuracy including the shape of the crystal cut. The obstacles coupled with other obstacles such as â€Å"presence of biomaterial in the biosensor (immobilisation of bimolecules on transducers, stability of enzymes and antibodies), the development of the sensor device (sensitivity and reproducibility issues) and the integration of biosensors into complete systems† (Velasco-Garcia Mottram 2003: 5) impair the mass production of the piezoelectric biosensor. However, with new advents of production technologies such as rapid prototyping and computer aided precision machining, it is possible to mass-produce the device’s components. Details of the fabrication In this section, a practical pi ezoelectric biosensor is described. Since a nano-piezoelectric biosensor would require highly precise machining process and intricate fabrication techniques, which are not realisable in the context of this paper, the discussed example of piezoelectric biosensor does not fall in the nano range. The block diagram (Fig 1) below illustrates the schematically the components of the nano-biosensor showing how they are related with one another. Fig 1: Block diagram for the piezoelectric sensor Source: (Pohanka et al. 2007) The piezoelectric sensor is composed of three main components. These are gold electrode, quartz crystal, and the base plate. Quartz crystal used is made of alpha quartz since such a crystal is not soluble in water. It is also resistant to high temperatures (Pohanka et al. 2007). Indeed, alpha quartz crystal has the capacity to withstand temperature up to 579 degree centigrade without losing prosperities of piezoelectric. The resonance frequency of the quartz crystal is a function of the physical dimensions and measurements of the cut crystal. AT-cut crystal is the most preferred for the discussed piezoelectric biosensor since it has been proved through scholarly researches that it is the most stable. Its temperature coefficient is 1ppm per degree centigrade within a temperature range of 10 degrees centigrade to 50 degree centigrade. This property is important since the temperature under which the piezoelectric sensor proposed here will operate (under environmental standard temperature) is in this temperature range. The crystal can also be modified to take a number of forms including rectangles, discs, and squares. The figure below shows schematically the details of the fabrication of the sensor as discussed by Kumar (2000). Source: (Kumar 2000) In the process of imuno-sensing, a protein extracted from Staphylococcus aureus is used to modify the surface of the coating of the device to increase the adhesion properties of the antibodies. The form of Staphylococcus protein used is capable to bind on the molecules of the imunoglobin particularly the IgG antibodies. When immersed in a tube containing antigens, it is anticipated that antigen-antibody reaction will occur thus causing a change in the mass on the crystal. From the developed theory of operation of the device, a corresponding frequency change occurs. The frequency counter will record this change in frequency as a change (ââ€" ³F). Since antibody-antigen reaction is anticipated to occur in magnitudes corresponding to the concentration levels of antigens, the higher the frequency changes, the higher the concentration of antigens. Consequently, it is more likely for the patients from whom the antigens have been obtained to suffer from advanced TB. Cost effectiveness One of the central challenges on the commercial production of nano-sensors is associated with the cost of production of micro components of the sensors with high degrees of precision. Although, over the last t wo decades, these costs have been significantly high, the developments in the nanotechnology has made is possible to produce components for biosensors at significantly low costs (Joshi, Sharma Harsha, 2011). The rapid developments in production process such as rapid prototyping make it possible for the sensor to be produced in a cost effective manner. Conclusion Piezo nano-biosensors encompass the nano-scale sensing devices deployed to detect a myriad of analytes including microorganisms, proteins, nucleic acids, metal, and metabolites among others. In the production of these sensors, nanotechnology is playing pivotal role. In this context, the paper argues that nanotechnology has resulted in the revolution of the immunology technology in the extent that it is now possible to apply biosensors to detect presence of pathogens at the molecular level. This provides a possibility for early treatment. By fully appreciating that there are many detection principles that can be applied in t he development of nano-biosensors, the paper limited itself to the piezoelectric principle of detection. A possible piezoelectric sensor has been discussed in the paper alongside with its fabrications and operation principles. The paper argued that deploying antigens-antibody mechanism of detection of increases in masses resulting from antibody- antigens reactions due to the presence of Staphylococcus aureus. The sensor can aid in the early diagnosis of tuberculosis than it would ordinarily happen by the use of convectional nano-biosensors. Bibliography Adam, V R Kizek, ‘Utilization of Electrochemical Sensors and Biosensors in Biochemistry and Molecular Biology’, Sensors, vol. 8, no. 10, 2008, pp.6125–6131. Atta, N, A Galal, S Ali, Nanobiosensors for health care, Biosensors for Health, Environment and Biosecurity, 2011. Web. Bhushan, B, ‘Biosensors: surface structures and materials’, Philosophical transactions, Mathematical, physical, and engineeri ng sciences, vol. 370, no.1967, 2012, pp.2267–2268. Dey, D T Goswami, ‘Optical Biosensors: A Revolution towards Quantum Nanoscale Electronics Device Fabrication’, Journal of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, vol.12, no. 5, 2011, pp 356-361. Hahn, C Piezoelectric Crystal Detectors and Their Applications, University of New Orleans, New Orleans, 1998. Ho, M, Applications of Piezoelectric Quartz Crystal Microbalances, Amsterdam, Elsevier, 1999. Hussain, I et al. ‘Fabrication of Piezoelectric Sensors for Biomedical Applications’, MRS Symp. Proc. Materials for Smart System, vol. 459, no.31, 1997, pp. 501-506. Joshi, Y, C Sharma, P Harsha, ‘Zeptrogram scale mass sensing using single walled carbon nanotube based biosensors’, Sensors and Actuators A: Physical, vol. 168, no,11, 2011, pp. 275-280. Joshi, R S Bhansali, ‘Nanosensor Technology’, Journal of Nanomaterials, vol. 1, no. 1, 2008, pp. 1-10. Khana, V, Nanosensors: Physical Chemi cal and Biological, Florida: CRC Press. Kumar, K 2000, ‘Biosensors Based on Piezoelectric Crystal Detectors: Theory and Application’, JOM, vol. 52, no.10, 2012, pp. 198-207. Muramatsu, H et al. ‘Piezoelectric Crystal Biosensor Modified with Protein A for Determination of Immunoglobulins’, Analytical Chemistry, vol. 59, no.19, 1987, pp. 2760-2763. Pohanka, M et al. ‘Piezoelectric Biosensor for a Simple Serological Diagnosis of Tularemia in Infected European Brown Hares’, Sensors, vol.7, no.11, 2007, pp. 2825–2834. Prakash, S, M Pinti, B Bhushan, ‘Theory, fabrication and applications of microfluidic and nanofluidic biosensors’, Philosophical transactions, Mathematical, physical, and engineering sciences, vol. 370, no.196, 2012, pp. 2269–2303. Velasco-Garcia, M T Mottram, ‘Biosensor Technology addressing Agricultural Problems’, Biosystems Engineering, vol. 84, no.1, 2003, pp. 1–12. Woolley, T, L Che ung, H Hafner, M Lieber, ‘Structural biology with carbon nanotube AFM probes’, Chemistry and Biology, vol. 7 no. 3, 2000, pp. 192-204. This case study on Piezoelectric Nano-biosensor Importance was written and submitted by user Allison H. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Amendment I essays

Amendment I essays Amendment I - Freedom of Religion, Press, Expression. 12/15/1791. "Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof; or abridging the freedom of speech, or of the press; or the right of the people peaceably to assemble, and to petition the Government for a redress of grievances." While "Congress shall make no law abridging speech," there are nevertheless exceptions made for speech that may be found harmful to overall society or individuals. Government and the courts have built a history of First Amendment jurisprudence that runs contrary to its absolutist language. For instance, you may not yell "FIRE" while watching a movie or play in a crowded theater unless there really is a fire. Courts have found such occurrences to cause undue hysteria, potentially threatening the safety of others. Falsely hollering fire is just one of the many exceptions that may be placed upon the First Amendment to protect individual or societal welfare. "Congress shall make no law" has been impinged upon. Such instances include cases in the following areas: What is interesting about the First Amendment is that its jurisprudence is still developing, and is increasingly focused on new technologies like the Internet. Because the Internet is not a newspaper, television, or telephone, ambiguity exists as to how to treat it as a medium of discourse. ...

Assureâ€I Mean, Ensureâ€Good Writing

Assure- I Mean, Ensure- Good Writing Assure- I Mean, Ensure- Good Writing Assure- I Mean, Ensure- Good Writing By Mark Nichol Once upon a time, professional and amateur writers alike could count on books and publications to help guide them in writing clearly, coherently, and concisely. They knew that when they opened a book, a magazine, or a newspaper, they could generally be assured that they would find carefully crafted prose that adhered to principles of proper grammar, syntax, and usage and would not only enhance comprehension of the content but also serve as a model for their own effective writing. Unfortunately, that assurance has long since ceased to exist across the board. Over the last quarter-century, socioeconomic forces have eviscerated the editorial infrastructure in the publishing world. Into the late twentieth century, at least most book publishers were assiduous in making sure not only that fiction and nonfiction narratives were well constructed but also that attention was paid to the mechanics of sentence structure. In the periodical world, veteran magazine and newspaper editors passed their skills in telling stories (and finessing them down to the detail of using just the right punctuation for the job with each keystroke) to younger editorial staff members, preserving a tradition of editorial excellence even for niche magazines and small-town papers. Not every publication adhered to such high standards, of course, and objectivity was not always maintained (or sought), but readers usually could count, at least, on being exposed to good, clean writing. Those standards have now eroded, thanks in large part to budget cuts in editorial departments and a deterioration in the informal newsroom mentor-protà ©gà © tradition, in addition to a growing indifference in our society to excellent writing. Some publications keep the bar high, but the general readership is exposed to much mediocre writing in print and online media alike, and sloppy prose from one writer infects other writers like a virus, passing on clichà ©s, errors, and poor habits. One recent example stood out for me- perhaps a persnickety detail, but symptomatic of an erosion of precision in usage that encourages lazy writing. In a local metropolitan newspaper, an editorial about the crisis of homelessness misused assured not once, not twice, but thrice: 1. The city needs to evaluate and track people in homeless programs to assure that they are put in the most suitable settings. 2. San Francisco needs to work together with Oakland and San Jose, which are experiencing their own struggles with homelessness, to assure that they are not merely shifting the burden to one another. 3. It would be a colossal waste of money to make the necessary investments in supportive housing and other services without a commensurate commitment to assure that the people who are offered this array of assistance are no longer afforded the option to flout the law with impunity. Careful writers know that assurance does not occur in isolation; it is given. (One would say, for example, â€Å"I assured them that they are not merely shifting the burden to one another.†) The proper word for this context is ensure. (Insure, meanwhile, is best confined to matters of indemnity.) In popular usage, these words are used interchangeably, and historically, they have not always been employed distinctly even by more erudite writers, but preserving such distinctions helps us maintain a rich, diverse language. I’m all for relaxed, flexible usage in in appropriate contexts, but maintaining a firewall between ensure, insure, and assure, or between eager and anxious or between enormity and enormousness, or any such fraternal twins or triplets, helps writers produce and readers consume high-quality prose. If so many book and periodical (and online) publishers have abandoned their traditional role as standard-bearers for good writing, where does the developing writer (read: every writer) go for guidance? Some publishers still strive to deliver well-written content, and many corporate and organizational websites are impressively edited, but ultimately, the careful writer will consult writing guides such as this site and the many excellent writing manuals available in print and sometimes online. (Search for â€Å"book reviews† on DailyWritingTips.com for recommendations- or cautions.) Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Writing Basics category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Avoid Beginning a Sentence with â€Å"With†7 Tips for Writing a Film ReviewAffect vs. Effect

International Marketing Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3750 words

International Marketing - Term Paper Example Since the contemporary market forces such as globalization, competition and technology influence the way business is carried out, a marketer is generally expected of anticipating the significant variables that can impact the business and how they can be managed too. This piece of research paper presents a brief marketing plan of the ‘Yogo-Sweet’, a medium sized manufacturer and marketer of the Frozen Yogurt, located near to Melbourne, Australia. This paper explains relevant concepts and theoretical underpinning in relation to marketing, strategy and competition. This marketing plan will present a pro forma financial statement and budgets. ‘Yogo-Sweet’ will be an amazing experience of small-treat that would fulfill the personal goal of delivering unique value of supreme quality Frozen Yogurt and ice cream needs of the target market. The company will target customers from around Australia and to export frozen yogurt stuff to countries like New Zealand, Fiji and other neighboring countries. The company has discovered a hidden opportunity for marketing Frozen Yogurt in Australia as well as neighboring countries and it seeks to grab its better slices. With the mission statement- ‘Yogo-Sweet is to facilitate stylish, convenient and uplifting destination where health-conscious and active customers can relax, energize and take treats’. The mission, with 20 well-thought about words in it, proposes the very specific marketing objectives that the emphasis will be placed on outstanding quality Frozen Yogurt and packaged ice-creams with organic and multicultural small-treat aspects. The company is expected to start on January 2012 in the rapidly expanding city of Melbourne, Australia. As Armstrong and Kotler (2005, p. 42) described, a marketing plan’s fundamental element is its mission statement that defines the marketing activities of the business in terms of how it is

English Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 39

English - Essay Example This paper therefore analyzes the main factors that are responsible for influencing success in British education system. Moore, Aiken and Chapman (2009) explain and insist that the main factor responsible for academic success in the education system of Britain is the social status and income of the student under consideration. Oneill (2008) explain that the high social status of a student will positively affect the test score that the child attains in class. Students coming from high social class enjoy the best facilities and materials that can help them to attain higher scores while they are in school. Furthermore, the parents or guardians of these children have the capability of taking them to private schools, that have highly qualified and talented teachers who will guide them on their academic performances or study. Furthermore, King (2008) explains that most people who come from high social backgrounds, their guardians or parents have a sound education background. It is based on this education background that these guardians will use to encourage their children or students to work hard in school, giving them all the necessary support needed for purposes of achieving this objective. Furthermore, these students are able to interact with their peers, who come from the same social class, having similar academic objectives, and hence motivating themselves, regarding academic studies and performances. It is important to understand that peer pressure plays a great role in influencing the behavior of a child (Oneill, 2008). Bad peer groups will negatively affect the child, making them loss interest in academics, as well as other social areas that can play a role in their growth. On the other hand, good peer groups play an important role in motivating a child to work hard in whatever he or she endeavors to undertake. King (2008)

Business Analysis& Decision Making Essay Example for Free

Business Analysis Decision Making Essay According to Haslam, Neale and Johal (2000), `the total factor productivity us in general defined in two main types; the Level of labour and capital and their efficiency of production; and the productivity of the firm. The productivity of capital and labour is calculated as: total outputs divided by inputs of labour and capital`. Labour cost in a company makes a major part of the production cost and should be therefore most cost efficient. The total employment divided to the total physical output equals the total labour productivity. EXAMPLE If a company produces more the one product or provides service rather the manufactured it can be difficult to recognise the physical output. Therefore, financial proxies such as value added or net output of employment are used. In order to compare the figures fair with each other, financial indexes can be produced. `This is possible by dividing the total number of labour hours into the value added`, (Haslam, Neale and Johal, 2000). The result of this calculation is the value added generated by labour hour. This index can be compare not just with the past years of production of a firm, in addition it is possible to compare with other companies to obtain a broad prospective about labour productivity and how efficient labour is used. Furthermore, over the years inflation changes the purchasing power of money and capital productivity varies. Assts may change value due to depreciation or capital consumption. Therefore, companies analyse the value added per  £ of fixed assets. `Capital productivity is calculated as capital stock (before depreciation or capital consumption) divided into the net output or value added figure`, (Haslam, Neale and Johal, 2000). The relationship between a growing product market and productivity is that; in a growing market the demand of a manufactured good increase. The result is an increase in volumes produced and sold. However, productivity is the output less the cost of production. Therefore, a growing market is not the only factor in order to achieve greater productivity. Like it was briefly pointed out in the paragraph above, labour cost is expensive and therefore should be used efficiently. A boost in productivity may occur whilst improving the productive flow. Due to the introduction of new techniques, working methods such as cell or mass production; and technical inventions such as conveyors labour costs can be cut and productivity increased. Another factor for increasing productivity may be employees’ satisfaction. In addition, in a growing market it comes to fragmentation and segmentation and the market matures. In order to stay competitive many firms lower their prices, which results less revenue generated. Employee satisfaction Labour time most efficient used labour efficiency, product quality, brand recognition and the economy Haslam, Neale and Johal, Economics in a Business context 3rd edition, Thomson Learning 2000, London

Analysis of The Essenes and the Dead Sea Scrolls Essay -- Biblical Scr

Analysis of The Essenes and the Dead Sea Scrolls Preamble â€Å"The grass withers and the flowers fall but the word of our God stands forever† Isaiah 40.8 â€Å"Mohammed Dib, a Bedouin shepherd of the T’Amireh tribe† (Keller, 1957, 401) could not have known that he would be the person who, in 1947, would bring to bear the words of Isaiah 40.8 This shepherd boy had been clambering around the clefts and gullies of a rock face on Wadi Qumran, north of the Dead Sea hoping to find one of his lost lambs. Thinking that it could have taken refuge in a cave he threw stones at the opening. He heard a jar break, became fearful and ran to fetch his fellow tribesmen. What they discovered were written scrolls of ancient papyrus, stuffed in jars and wrapped in linen. The Bedouins thought that they could make money on the black market in Bethlehem so sold them for a few shekels. A bundle of four of these scrolls was purchased by â€Å"the Orthodox Archbishop of Jerusalem, Yeshue Samuel who then stored them in St. Marks Monastery†. (Albright, 1954, 403) From this point in time interest in the scrolls escalated and in â€Å"1949 the Oriental Institute in Chicago invited Yeshue Samuel to submit the scrolls for examination. The Dead Sea Scrolls were given extensive and exhaustive examinations including carbon testing which indicated that â€Å" because the linen they were wrapped in was made from flax which had been harvested in the time of Christ that the scrolls were seen to have been copied around 100 B.C.† (Albright, 1954, 404). From the time of the initial discovery there was also an upsurge in archeological expeditions to the area. One such expedition was in 1949 when Father Roland de Vaux, Dominican Director of the French Ecole Biblique et Archeologique at Jerusalem and Professor Lankester Harding the British Director of the Department of Antiquities in Amran arrived in Qumran. After the initial disappointment of finding no complete scrolls or jars they â€Å" literally examined the floor of the cave with their fingernails. What they found allowed them to come to some astonishing conclusions† (â€Å"they found fragments and potsherds relating to Graeco-Roman times, dating from 30 B.C. to A.D. 70. Six hundred tiny scraps of leather and papyrus made it possible to recognize Hebrew transcriptions from Genesis, Deuteronomy, and the... ...ve been invented for the purpose of Christianity, that they are in fact the Word of God. Works Cited Albright, W.F. â€Å"Archeology and the Religion of Israel†. The Bible as History Ed. Werner Keller. Trans. William Neil. London: 1956 Hodder and Stoughton. 403 Burrows, Millar. More Light on the Dead Sea Scrolls and New Interpretations. New York: 1955. The Viking Press. 1958. 180. Dupont-Sommer, A. The Essene Writings from Qumran. New York: 1962. 23-38 Ferguson, F. Backgrounds of Early Christianity. 1987. Grand Rapids, Mich: 1990. William B. Eerdmans Publishing Company 1990. 369-421 Harding, L. Journal of the Society of Oriental Research (JSOR). The Bible as History. Ed. Werner Keller. Trans. William Neil. London: 1956 Hodder and Stoughton. 409- 410 Josephus Flavius, The Jewish War. Harmondsworth, Middlesex, England. 1959 Penguin Books Ltd. 129 Lohse, E. The new Testament Environment. Trans. John E. Steeley. 1974 London: SCM Press. 1989: 89-115 Tushingham, A. Douglas. The Men who hid the Dead Sea Scrolls. December. 1958: National Geographic Magazine Vardaman, J. The Earliest Fragments of the New Testament. 1971-72: Expository Times 374-376

Is Justice Really Blind?

English 101 Mr. Young 13 October 2012 Is Justice Really Blind? The United States of America bases its whole judicial system around â€Å"blind justice† but is justice always blind? Since day one, justice has been portrayed as impartial. Ronald Nikkel says the U. S judicial system is represented by an elegant lady holding a set of scales in one hand and a sword in her other, while wearing a blindfold.She carries the balances symbolizing fairness and the sword symbolizing power and authority, and she wears the blindfold, symbolizing objective justice for all people, without preference or discrimination, regardless of identity, wealth, power, social status, position, or circumstances (â€Å"Justice is not Blind†). However, is this always the case? In countless cases, the verdict does not seem as if Lady Justice is truly blind. No matter what is said, trial by jury has its flaws.The article â€Å"Justice is Not Blind† says, â€Å"It is not only the accused who can b e wrongfully treated by the justice system; victims also suffer the consequence of injustice when wealthy offenders with powerful connections simply get a slap on the wrist instead of being held responsible to face the consequences of their crimes† (Nikkel). Flaws in the jury system affect everyone. The judicial system needs to reformed, society has evolved over time, yet the judicial process has not kept up.Justice needs to be done without bias, where fairness is not just a forensic technicality and where consideration is the same for all persons regardless of race, religion, creed, or social standing (Nikkel). The most infamous example of our corrupt judicial system is the trial of Orenthal James Simpson also known as O. J. Simpson. The O. J. Simpson murder trial is one of the most controversial court cases in the last decade. In 1995 O. J. Simpson was put on trial for the murders of his ex-wife Nicole Simpson and her male friend Richard Goldman. From the outside looking in many people thought O.J. Simpson was clearly guilty. So much incriminating evidence was found. Douglas Linder says, hair evidence, blood evidence, fiber evidence, glove evidence, and shoe evidence was all brought in front of the Jury (â€Å"The O. J. Simpson Trial†). With so much evidence pointing to him, many Americans were certain O. J. was the guilty of murder. Mr. Simpson had something that many people did not, cold hard cash. O. J. had the ability to assemble an all-star defense team. The media referred to it as the â€Å"Dream Team†, it consisted of nine high profile lawyers.Douglas Linder figures Simpson's defense team cost between $3 million and $6 million dollars (â€Å"The O. J. Simpson Trial†). O. J’s defense team worked diligently to raise doubt about every piece of evidence that was brought forth, and it worked well. The article â€Å"O. J. Simpson Trial† reads, As America watched at 10 a. m. PST on October 3, 1995, Ito's clerk, Deidre Robertson, announced the jury's verdict: â€Å"We the jury in the above entitled action find the defendant, Orenthal James Simpson, not guilty of the crime of murder† (Linder).Many people came away from the trial with the impression that money will buy you justice in The United States. Money has bought freedom throughout history in the United States. Recently Cleveland Browns wide receiver Donte Stallworth killed a man while drunk driving. In article published by Globe Gazette it says vehicular homicide is a felony charge that upon conviction will result in a sentence of between three and fifteen years of imprisonment with no parole for at least 1 year (Magee). Three years is the minimum for vehicular homicide. Stallworth received 30 days in jail and two years house arrest.Stallworth was playing in the next Browns football game. The main reason Stallworths sentence was so light was, Donte reached a confidential financial settlement with Reyes’ family. What does this s ay for people who commit crimes and are unable to pay off their victims? Debbie Shussel says that, contrary to the trite adage, justice isn’t blind in America. It’s not blind at all. If you have the right dollar amounts in your bank account, you get a separate kind of â€Å"justice† applied to you (â€Å"Yes, You Can Buy Justice in America†). This was the most blatant display of corrupt justice in recent years.According to an article in USA Today, Donte Stallworth was extremely cooperative with authorities and remorseful throughout the process and this correlated with his sentence (Davis). Many people are remorseful and cooperative after taking someone’s life with their irresponsible actions, and are still given stiff penalties. It is clear that money will indeed buy you justice in the United States of America. It has been said that America has the best criminal justice system that money can buy. Paul Wright states, after more than 16 years in pris on I have yet to meet anyone who was wealthy when they were convicted.I long ago concluded that what people did, in the way of crimes, had no bearing on whether they came to prison Wealth is the determining factor (â€Å"The Crime of Being Poor†). The United States of America judicial system is extremely biased, a reform is desperately needed. Some may disagree with this and insist it is the criminal conduct of the poor that leads to incarceration but the evidence indicates otherwise. Paul Write wrote, the past two decades has seen over 100 people exonerated and released from death row after being convicted and sentenced to death.During the same period, hundreds if not thousands more have been released from prison after being exonerated of the crimes they were convicted of. The reasons for the wrongful convictions range from police and prosecutorial misconduct, incompetent defense counsel, fabricated evidence, lying jailhouse snitches and mistaken eyewitnesses, among others. Yet I have not heard of any wealthy defendants who were wrongly convicted and sentenced to death or prison as a result. Instead, wrongful conviction of the factually innocent seems to be the exclusive province of the poor (â€Å"The Crime of Being Poor†).This eyewitness account proves the point, people are being released from prison after the system realizes they were convicted on false charges. People of a lower social class are convicted of almost anything. Wealthy people are not convicted for anything, unless, they were caught red-handed. In a country like America, judicial corruption should not be a problem like this. Ronald Nikkel said Justice needs to be done without bias, where fairness is not just a forensic technicality and where consideration is the same for all persons regardless of race, religion, creed, or social standing (â€Å"Justice is Not Blind†).Most people believe this is how the United States Judicial system operates. This is not the case. The Unit ed States of America is a great country; the people have the ability to make decisions in the government. Citizens of the United States must come together and impose a well needed reform on the biased judicial system. Works cited Davis, Nate. â€Å"Has justice been served in the Donte' Stallworth case? † USA Today. N. p. , 6 July 2009. Web. 22 Oct. 2012. Jenkins, Courtenay. â€Å"‘Trial by Jury' Guilty of Character Flaws. † Daily Press. N. p. , n. d. Web. 13 Oct. 2012. Linder, Douglas O. â€Å"The O. J.Simpson Trial. † University of Missouri – Kansas City. N. p. , 14 Jan. 2006. Web. 21 Oct. 2012. Magee, Dennis. â€Å"Woman gets 10-year sentence for vehicular homicide. † Globe Gazette. Hearing Association, 5 June 2012. Web. 22 Oct. 2012. Nikkel, Ronald W. â€Å"Justice Is Not Blind. † Prison Fellowship. Prison Fellowship, 7 Oct. 2011. Web. 13 Oct. 2012. Ogletree, Charles J. , Jr. â€Å"The Trial's Significance and Lasting Impact. † Public Broadcasting Service. N. p. , 5 Apr. 2005. Web. 13 Oct. 2012. Wright, Paul. â€Å"The Crime of Being Poor. † Prison Legal News. N. p. , 22 Oct. 2012. Web. 22 Oct. 2012.

Nature Strongly Influences Early Human Development Essay

Since biology was determined as a science there have always been argues about the question of whether nature or nurture influence is more important to early human development. Early human development includes the period between conceiving the fetus and till the first steps of infancy. Each arguing side has many supporting arguments and evidences, which bring a new â€Å"fuel† to this ever-burning flame. Although nurture’s influence on the newborns could not be underestimated, nature’s influence is stronger and more important to the early human development because of genes and some inevitable processes in development. As it is known, at the moment of conception a remarkable amount of personal characteristics are already determined by the genes. They decide sex, the color of eyes and human characteristics. These genetic determinants are expressed in development through the process of maturation. This evidence shows the role of nature is much higher than the role of nurture. Despite this view, many still consider nurture to be more influential to early human development due to conditions in uterine environment. However, such an argument could not deny the fact that early human development innately determined sequences of growth and change that a relatively independent on environmental events. The process of human’s fetus development within the mother’s body is strictly fixed by genetically programmed time schedule, and fetal behavior, such as kicking, also follows an orderly sequences that depends on the stage of growth. The process of maturation is also fixed by this schedule. One of the best examples of inevitability of these processes in development is disappearance of the reflexive head-turning response to the direction of the source of sound. The temporary disappearance of this reflex probably represents a maturational transition from a reflexive response controlled by sub cortical areas of the brain to a voluntary attempt to locate the sound source. (Hiller, Hewitt & Morrongiello, 1992; Ashmead et al. , 1991; Field, 1987). By four months, infants will reach the correct direction toward the source of sound in the dark; by six months, they show a marked increase in their responsiveness to sounds that accompanied by interesting sights and are able to pinpoint the location of sound more precisely, an ability that continues to improve into their second year (Hiller, Hewitt & Morrongiello, 1992; Ashmead et al., 1991; Field, 1987). Opponents argue that this genetically programmed schedule is depends on environmental influence and nurture. Study carried out by McGraw indicates that practice or extra stimulation can accelerate the appearance of motor behaviors to some extent, especially in a stepping reflex. However, this five-seven weeks difference on start of walking between stimulated and does not stimulated newborns just highlights the inevitability of development processes. In conclusion, it should be evident that the arguments which was given to support that nurture is more strongly influences early human development is not valid. On the contrary, many people involved to studying this issue say that genes contribute to strengthen of nature’s influence on early human development by inevitability of natural processes. Furthermore, extra stimulation is not so significantly important for development because the children may develop without it. Therefore, Nature strongly influences early human development than nurture.

9 Weird Careers You Can Pursue in the USA

9 Weird Careers You Can Pursue in the USA 9 Weird Careers You Can Pursue in the USA Maybe you picked your major to pursue a specific career, but most of us go into our college education with an â€Å"open mind† (i.e., not having thought it through). As a result, we have a world of professional possibilities open to us. And though you might eventually opt for something conventional, it’s worth at least considering some more unusual options. Take this list of ten weird careers, for instance†¦ 1. Snake Milker Snake milkers have the peculiar job of squeezing the faces of deadly snakes, thereby extracting the venom for use in antivenoms. Although this is laudable, especially if you live in snake country, we can’t get past the fact that it involves putting your hands into the bitey bit of a venomous reptile. Not for the fainthearted. Theres nothing quite as refreshing as a cold glass of snake milk. [Photo: Barry Rogge] 2. Iceberg Wrangler Speaking of bravery, how do you fancy going toe-to-toe with an iceberg? That’s what the men and women of the International Ice Patrol do, patrolling the North Atlantic on the lookout for rogue chunks of ice! 3. Canine Surfboard Instructor While the International Ice Patrol focuses on keeping our coastal waters free from icebergs, others are working hard to fill them with surfboarding canines. Do the dogs get any say in it, though? Well leave you to judge how enthusiastic this guy feels about riding the waves. [Photo: Mike Baird] 4. Feeling Strangers’ Faces If you’re the kind of tactile person who instantly hugs strangers, why not put these skills to use as a professional â€Å"face feeler†? Otherwise known by the less-creepy term â€Å"sensory scientists,† face feelers run their highly-sensitive digits over people’s faces to test the effects of new cosmetic products. 5. Snuggling And if face feeling doesn’t satisfy your need for intimacy with strangers, you could always become a professional snuggler (don’t worry: it’s strictly platonic). 6. Dog Food Tester Maybe you think forcing dogs onto surfboards is cruel and want to do something to improve the lives of man’s best friend? How about testing their disgusting food? Yummy. The real question, of course, is why dog food manufacturers need professional testers when they cater for an animal that will happily eat its own vomit. Hungry yet? [Photo: NekoJaNekoJa] 7. Lip Reader (Sort Of) Nope, not the useful kind that interprets speech from watching lip movements alone. We’re talking about lipstick readers, who claim to tell your fortune based on the mark left by your lips. Like a palm reader, but with lips. Were sure theyre completely legit. Ahem. 8. Baby Name Consultant Picking a name for your child is a big decision, so why not get third-party advice? If you do follow this career path, please promise not to use your powers for evil by telling credulous parents-to-be that â€Å"Anusol† is a perfectly acceptable name for a girl. 9. Chicken Sexer Not quite as horrific as it sounds, but it does involve checking the sex of thousands of hatchling chicks in quick succession to divide them into males and females. So definitely a specialist interest.

Assessing The Strategic Human Resource Management Preferences Business Essay

Assessing The Strategic Human Resource Management Preferences Business Essay Number of growing organizations believes that Human Resource (HR) provides them competitive advantage. It was understood by many organizations that competitive advantage can be obtained by quality work force/employees and culture. Approach of linking Human Resource Management to Strategic objectives of an organization is called as Strategic Human Resource Management (SHRM) (Bratton and Gold, 2001). It was cited by Bratton and Gold (2001, p39) strategic management is defined as ‘that set of managerial decisions and actions that determines the long-run performance of a corporation’. Strategic HR ensures that employees/human capital of an organization contributes to its achievements with their skills and performance. Traditional HR is concerned with implementation of policies and techniques like recruitment, staffing, remuneration, assessment etc (Klabbers, University of Bergen). But linking the general HRM and the organization’s strategy gives HR department more sc ope to enhance the abilities of their workforce and concentrate on the vision and mission. This connection is made to improve the organization performance and develop organizational culture which in turn facilitates innovation and flexibility. Overall the key principle of Strategic HRM is to achieve organization’s vision and mission. Bratton (2001) describes SHRM as a continuous process that requires constant adjustment in three major areas namely Value of Senior management, the environment and the resources available. Fig 1: Three major poles in strategic planning (Adapted from Bratton and Gold, 2001) Some authors believe that Strategic HRM is an Outcome and some believe that it’s a process. It was cited by Bratton and Gold (2004) that authors like Ulrich (1997) and Snell et al had different opinion on Strategic HRM. Snell et al believed that it’s an outcome designed to achieve sustained competitive edge through quality workforce. Ulrich (1997) also stated SHRM as an outcome of mission, vision and priorities of HR department. HR strategies are more concerned about matching the Five Ps that stimulates the employee roles for competitive strategy (Bratton and Gold, 2004, p46 and Cerdin and Ashok Som, 2003). It was cited by Cerdin and Ashok Som (2003) that Strategic HRM is identified in three levels namely Strategic, Managerial and operational level. Strategic level looks to the long term future, Managerial level looks at the mid term and the operation level looks at the short term focus. Different models and approaches were discussed in this assignment to understand the functionality of strategic HRM and how far the organization able to implement it. Models and Approaches There are several approaches and models by which Strategic HRM can be applied but basic strategic HRM model is widely accepted by many authors, researchers and even critics as well (Kane and Palmer, 1995). This basic model is based on the external and internal environment a nd basic organization strategies. Fig 2 Basic Model of Strategic Human resource Management (Adapted from Kane and Palmer, 1995) Strategic HRM models demonstrate how an organization links its business strategies and HR function to achieve it goals. Though SHRM adopts resource based philosophy, there are three different models defined by authors (Bratton and Gold, 2004, p49). These models are Control based, Resource based and Integrative model.

Research Methods Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Research Methods - Assignment Example The oil export business has also allowed the countries to participate in the international trade and thus the countries are developing in order to compete with the developed nations (Narayan and Smyth, 2007). Since oil producing sector is the most important sector in the middle-east and the GCC nations this is considered for carrying out a detailed study. The aim of the research is to carry out an overall analysis of the performance of the oil producing companies of middle-east by focusing mainly on the GCC nations and the revenue generated them. Since crude oil is on high demand in the international market hence it would prove to be an interesting topic of discussion for most of the researchers. The Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries have a number of features in common that is their structural economic features as well as there are significant differences. The common features comprise of high dependency of the other nations on the hydrocarbon as well as the oil production of the middle-east and the GCC nations (Arouri and Rault, 2012). The countries are expected to earn a large portion of their revenue from the oil export business. Oil producing companies face challenges due to the fluctuations in the oil prices where some of the oil importing countries reduce their dependency on the oil and hydrocarbon and set up a separate non-oil sector. There is a possibility of economic diversification that takes place in the international market that would in turn reduce the demand for oil. Study says that, the member nations of GCC are adopting the method of economic diversification with UAE and Bahrain, acting as the most advanced in this field of economic diversification. According to the study, the GDP growth in the non-oil sector has exceeded that of oil producing sectors in the international market, but the non-oil sector are controlled by the government expenditure which is further dependent on